"Famous psychologists J. Brandsford and D. Stein have developed a "perfect" method for solving problems. They called it “IDEAL”. Each letter is a step that must be taken to increase the likelihood of getting out of a difficult situation. (Identification. Deal with choices. Estimation. Act. Learning.)"
Applicable for working with texts and analysis of situations. Based on the algorithm:
- Formulate the problem in the form of a question. A question must be defined, clarified as much as possible, begin with the text “how”, there should be no negation in it (the particle “not”).
- Tell me, what information do you have on the subject under discussion?
- Generate as many varieties as possible. Brainstorming is applied. Criticism is not allowed. Than more versions that than any other.
- Select 3 key methods for concluding difficulties.
- Determine which technique is best? And why?
Below is a description of this strategy.
Curious what's the problem?
First, it is necessary to construct a problem in the form of questions beginning with the text: “How?”. The wording should have no “not” particle and the pronoun “I” must exist. It is necessary to ignore the extensive, aggregate texts. There should be at least 8 questions, and they should all be different. Now from them it is necessary to choose a truer version.
Let's find as many troubleshooting techniques as possible!
After the problem is formulated, within 10 min. (maybe another amount of time), you need to write down all the variants of its conclusion that came to mind, embracing those that were not thought out.
The traditional “brainstorming” (according to A.Osborn) is used at the given turn. The main one recalls the criteria that you need to follow strictly in the footsteps, in case we want to collect as many thoughts as possible, and not spend time searching for defects - this also needs to be arranged, but - later!
Rules:
- All variants of the conclusions which answer the chosen formulation are accepted. If someone offers an option that does not fit into the assignment that the formulation of the problem sets, then the main one gently (better non-verbally) recalls it. More than that, ALL options must be fixed either on the board or on a piece of paper.
- During the "brainstorming" is not allowed criticism (in terms of adverse statements). Any shape! Inflated lips and cheeks, turning with the index finger near the head and so on - all this is prohibited. The facilitator is obliged to seize a set of correct prohibitory gestures, so that the texts do not interfere with the "fountain" of thoughts. But it is possible to ask clarifying questions and develop extraneous ideas.
- A quota must be introduced, a kind of restriction limiting the activity of the group. The quota can be extended for a while (we offer ideas for 10 minutes, and then stop!). You can also choose a quota for the number of ideas (25 solutions, and then - stop). There is a quota that determines the overall activity: for example, from each - 2 ideas.
- The rule of uniform group activity. During the brainstorming, everyone should offer ideas, and outside conversations are prohibited.
Thus, through such group interaction, a characteristic that is very important for a critical thinker is developed: the ability to carefully evaluate several solutions, several points of view. If such methods are used in the educational process quite often, then the value of free, non-judgmental discussion is formed among schoolchildren. They first feel, and then they realize that it is often unwise to spend so much time discussing shortcomings, as many adults are used to doing!
