How to write a good introduction?
"The first thing that a teacher reads when opening a term paper is an introduction. After reading the introduction taken from last year’s work, he will not deliver “excellent”. By a competent introduction, on the contrary, you declare that you are applying for a high mark. In addition, writing an introduction yourself, you will significantly increase the originality of the work."
How to write an introduction?
The introduction of the course work should contain the following:
* Justification of the relevance of the selected topic
* Overview of the level of knowledge of the problem
* Goals and objectives of the course work
* Subject and object of study
* Description of the structure of the course work
* Characteristics of the used literature
* Description of research methods used
The relevance of the course work
The relevance of the topic can be viewed from two sides - theoretical and practical.
Relevance from a theoretical point of view occurs when the problem is not fully understood, when there are disputes in the scientific community, or when the problem is so new that there is simply no good research base.
From a practical point of view, relevance arises when the topic you are studying has some practical significance - for the needs of society, for production, for the state.
For example, the topic of your work on the subject of "Corporate Finance". "The financial policy of the enterprise (JPMorgan Chase)."
This topic can be justified from a practical point of view, as daily decisions made by companies in the field of finance are extremely important for the development of the company, for attracting investors, for raising the status and public confidence in the company. In addition, JPMorgan Chase is one of America’s largest corporations and the country's well-being is closely linked to the company's successful financial policies.
"Famous psychologists J. Brandsford and D. Stein have developed a "perfect" method for solving problems. They called it “IDEAL”. Each letter is a step that must be taken to increase the likelihood of getting out of a difficult situation. (Identification. Deal with choices. Estimation. Act. Learning.)"
Applicable for working with texts and analysis of situations. Based on the algorithm:
- Formulate the problem in the form of a question. A question must be defined, clarified as much as possible, begin with the text “how”, there should be no negation in it (the particle “not”).
- Tell me, what information do you have on the subject under discussion?
- Generate as many varieties as possible. Brainstorming is applied. Criticism is not allowed. Than more versions that than any other.
- Select 3 key methods for concluding difficulties.
- Determine which technique is best? And why?
Below is a description of this strategy.
Curious what's the problem?
First, it is necessary to construct a problem in the form of questions beginning with the text: “How?”. The wording should have no “not” particle and the pronoun “I” must exist. It is necessary to ignore the extensive, aggregate texts. There should be at least 8 questions, and they should all be different. Now from them it is necessary to choose a truer version.
Let's find as many troubleshooting techniques as possible!
After the problem is formulated, within 10 min. (maybe another amount of time), you need to write down all the variants of its conclusion that came to mind, embracing those that were not thought out.
The traditional “brainstorming” (according to A.Osborn) is used at the given turn. The main one recalls the criteria that you need to follow strictly in the footsteps, in case we want to collect as many thoughts as possible, and not spend time searching for defects - this also needs to be arranged, but - later!
Rules:
- All variants of the conclusions which answer the chosen formulation are accepted. If someone offers an option that does not fit into the assignment that the formulation of the problem sets, then the main one gently (better non-verbally) recalls it. More than that, ALL options must be fixed either on the board or on a piece of paper.
- During the "brainstorming" is not allowed criticism (in terms of adverse statements). Any shape! Inflated lips and cheeks, turning with the index finger near the head and so on - all this is prohibited. The facilitator is obliged to seize a set of correct prohibitory gestures, so that the texts do not interfere with the "fountain" of thoughts. But it is possible to ask clarifying questions and develop extraneous ideas.
- A quota must be introduced, a kind of restriction limiting the activity of the group. The quota can be extended for a while (we offer ideas for 10 minutes, and then stop!). You can also choose a quota for the number of ideas (25 solutions, and then - stop). There is a quota that determines the overall activity: for example, from each - 2 ideas.
- The rule of uniform group activity. During the brainstorming, everyone should offer ideas, and outside conversations are prohibited.
Thus, through such group interaction, a characteristic that is very important for a critical thinker is developed: the ability to carefully evaluate several solutions, several points of view. If such methods are used in the educational process quite often, then the value of free, non-judgmental discussion is formed among schoolchildren. They first feel, and then they realize that it is often unwise to spend so much time discussing shortcomings, as many adults are used to doing!
Writing an analytical essay
Under the analysis refers to a similar method of study, which allows you to explore certain parts of an object. As a rule, a specific difficulty is tested in analytical essays, that is, a discussion of the difficulty itself and the identification of patterns in it. As an object of analysis, it has the opportunity to make a familiar or practically unexplored scientific appearance, a scientific or artistic work, a historical event, a social problem or something else.
Choosing a topic and object of study
The table of contents of an analytical essay will largely depend on the one that is actually chosen as the object for analysis. Thus, when considering a scientific work (dissertation, research paper, scientific article), an essay has the opportunity to be confined to the study of the reliability of the study, its potential, or the analysis of the findings acquired in it. When considering a work of art, there is every chance of being analyzed by the artistic methods of the creator or the difficulties raised in the book. For this reason, it is quite fundamentally literally to determine the subject and object of study.
If the teacher gave you a very immense topic or gave you the chance to choose the topic of the essay yourself, we advise you to choose on one small question that you can see on several pages.
Work with literature
The analytical essay is very brief, in order to give a large number of quotations and refer to various authors, as is done in abstracts and similar works. And yet, it must necessarily contain references to sources. If this is a test of scientific work, then it is possible to refer to influential scientists and their works. In the case of an analytical essay on a book or a movie, these sources have every chance to make influential publications, writers, film critics, etc. At the given turn, it is necessary for you to learn how not only the object of analysis itself goes in the footsteps, but also what is actually talking about it. With quotes, your essay will become more absolute and detailed, in fact, that every time it functions better for the reader.
When you compile an analytical essay, do not forget, in fact that even in great works like a thesis, giant quotes are not welcome. As a result, find short and capacious expressions and carefully rewrite them even before you start writing an essay. Also remember about the fact that you need to write out the details of any book or notes that you refer to in the essay.
The general structure of the analytical essay plan is as follows:
introductory part;
main part:
thesis, analysis, argument;
thesis, analysis, argument;
thesis, analysis, argument;
final part.
Fill in this framework with certain data, writing in the introductory part the leading statement of your work (thesis), which you will argue. Also write down theses and arguments for the lead. Now, it only remains for you to paint in detail any pair of thesis argument, study it and add some enticing details (statistics, situation, outline supervision, etc.).
"The task of the essay is to develop abilities, as an independent creative thinking and a written statement of personal thoughts."
Writing an essay is very good, because it allows the creator to learn to clearly and competently express thoughts, structure information, apply principal opinions, highlight causal relationships, illustrate skill with proper examples, prove your own conclusions.
More topical topic for an essay of a young expert is the content of "I and my career." The topic of the essay is given for this, so that the commission (employer) was simply to assess the features of your thinking, creative possibilities, excitement and potential. The best way to achieve such a result is to scribble straight and uncovered, while remaining conscientious with oneself. If you are not true, there is every chance, in fact, that your essay will be considered unnatural.
Essay writing rules
- From the formal rules of writing an essay, it is possible to name only one thing - the presence of the title.
- The internal design of the essay can be random. Because this is a small configuration of written work, it does not require an inherent repetition of conclusions at the end; they have all chances to be integrated into the leading word or into the title.
- Motivation has the ability to precede the formulation of difficulty. The wording of the difficulty has the opportunity to coincide with the final conclusion.
- Unlike the essay, which is addressed to every reader, in consequence of this comes with "I try to tell about ...", and ends "I came to the coming conclusions ...", an essay is a replica addressed to a prepared reader (listener). That is, a person who, in aggregate, already gives what it is about. This allows the creator of the essay to concentrate on disclosing fresh and not cluttering up the presentation with official components.
How to write an essay biographical type?
Autobiography means biography. This essay is considered a description of the events of life. It is possible to tell about the fate of a certain person, writer, actor, artist, or to describe the life of a metropolis, or including the state.
In such an essay, as in a simple story, actions take place. It develops in time. But no strings. No plot. Actions about which you will speak are simply listed in chronological order.
In the story of a person, you tell when and where a person appeared, when, where and how he studied, where he spent his infancy, received recognition, etc. Naturally, key actions are chosen. The story goes from the past to the real, then to the future.
The purpose of an biography-type essay is considered not to be an elementary story about a person, megalopolis, book, but to recruit the interest of the reading public to some socially significant task.
So how do you write an essay?
"Autobiography, which is compiled when looking for a job, is most often called a resume. The difference of a resume can be considered the fact that it does not need to specify the data on its parents, as well as to disclose in detail information about spouses and children."
The main task of the resume, in contrast to the autobiography, is not in the story about your life in general, with a clear demonstration of the most important aspects. Here you need to tell about your professional level, indicate which career stage you are at, allowing your employer to assess your potential precisely as a specialist in your field.
Today it is considered very fashionable and correct to support his autobiography with a photo. There are no requirements for photography, but, of course, business will have to be respected. That is, in the picture you should be in business clothes, with a neat haircut, the background is neutral.
In the case of chatting about a resume, it is possible to refer to the description from the last work space and advice given to you, if this is practiced and welcomed in your professional field. For example, the council will be useful to teachers, specialists with a narrow specialization, literally all humanities.
As a rule, councils and properties are provided to specific managers, but it is quite likely that they should be written by managers of the entire organization.
The document is appropriate to mention more about the passage of military service (men) and the periods of being on maternity leave to women.
At the very end, write down the date of writing your autobiography and your own signature.
